Professional Behavior

Nama : Novia Nurul Huda NPM : 25212400 kelas : 4EB02

Misspelling Words

Nama                    :   Novia Nurul Huda

NPM                      :   25212400

Kelas                     :   3EB02

Tugas                    :   Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

Misspelling Words

Masyarakat Indonesia seringkali menulis istilah-isilah asing dan di campur dengan bahasa Indonesia. Pada contoh diatas merupakan kesalahan dalam penulisan bahasa asing :

 1. BLUTUT seharusnya ditulis "BLUETOOTH"

2.  FLADIS seharusnya ditulis "FLASHDISK"

3. SKEN seharusnya ditulis "SCAN"

4. POTO seharusnya ditulis "FOTO"

- SERVIC MOTOR seharusnya ditulis "SERVICE MOTOR"

- WIFE seharusnya ditulis "WIFI"

-SEEFOOT seharusnya ditulis "SEAFOOD"

Determiner, Question Tag, Reflexive Pronouns, Causative Verb

Nama        :  Novia Nurul Huda
NPM         :  25212400
Kelas         :  3EB02
Tugas        :  Bahasa Inggris 2#

DETERMINER

          A determiner is a word, phrase or affix that occurs together with a noun or noun phrase and serves to express the reference of that noun or noun phrase in the context. That is, a determiner may indicate whether the noun is referring to a definite or indefinite element of a class, to a closer or more distant element, to an element belonging to a specified person or thing, to a particular number or quantity, etc. Common kinds of determiners include definite and indefinite articles (like the English the and a or an), demonstratives (this and that), possessive determiners (my and their), and quantifiers (many, few and several).

         Most determiners have been traditionally classed along with adjectives, and this still occurs: for example, demonstrative and possessive determiners are sometimes described as demonstrative adjectives and possessive adjectives respectively. However, modern theorists[1] of grammar prefer to distinguish determiners as a separate word class from adjectives, which are simple modifiers of nouns, expressing attributes of the thing referred to. This distinction applies particularly in languages like English that use definite and indefinite articles, frequently as a necessary component of noun phrases – the determiners may then be taken to be a class of words that includes the articles as well as other words that function in the place of articles. (The composition of this class may depend on the particular language’s rules of syntax; for example, in English the possessives my, your etc. are used without articles and so can be regarded as determiners, whereas their Italian equivalents mio etc. are used together with articles and so may be better classed as adjectives.) Not all languages can be said to have a lexically distinct class of determiners.

Types of determiners
– Articles
– Demonstratives
– Possessives
– Quantifiers
– Numerals
– Distributives
– Interrogatives

Examples:
General Determiner
– Indefinite article (a atau an)
She is looking for a job in Jakarta.
– Guantifier (many, few, little, some, any)
Please give me a little sugar.
– Distributive (all, every, both)
All your erasers are on the pencil case.
– Difference word (other, another)
May I have another sandals?

Specific Determiner
– Definite article (the)
Did he enjoy the show?
– Demonstrative adjective (this, that, these, those)
Those bananas are so yellow.
– Possessive adjective (my, your, his, her, its, our, dan their)
Your clothes is in the laundry basket.

Function of a Determiners

A determiner can take on a number of different meanings and roles in a sentence. The determiner is used in every case to clarify the noun.

• They may be used to demonstrate or define something or someone.

Quantifiers state how many of a thing, in number or expression. A determiner is used to show that the noun indicated is a specific one (that one), not an unspecific one (any).

• They may also state the differences between nouns.

While determiners may have a number of other functions, most of them are related to these two key areas. The list of determiners only numbers about 50 words, and all of these words are commonly used by most individuals. Determiners are not difficult to get the grasp of when contrasted with adjectives, and do not take too long for native English speakers to grasp. After all, how many times have you had trouble deciding whether to say “the” or “a”? 

QUESTION TAG

A question tag or tag question (also known as tail question) is a grammatical structure in which a declarative statement or an imperative is turned into a question by adding an interrogative fragment (the “tag”). For example, in the sentence “You’re John, aren’t you?”, the statement “You’re John” is turned into a question by the tag “aren’t you”. The term “question tag” is generally preferred by British grammarians, while their American counterparts prefer “tag question”.

Basic Shapes

In summary, the basic form of Question Tag is as follows: If a statement (statement) are arranged in the form of a positive, structured question in the negative. Conversely, if a negative statement, the question is arranged in a positive form. The pattern can be described as follows:

Statement	Question Tag
(+)	(-)
Snow is white,	is not it?
(-)	(+)
You do not like badminton,	do you?

Variation Form 

Form of question tags tailored to the verb or auxiliary verb in a statement. If the form of nominal sentence, we use is, am, are, was, or were. However, if it is a verbal sentence, we use do, does and did. Additionally question tags are used, adapted to the tenses used in the sentence. Therefore, the addition of the tag question should really pay attention to sentence tenses origin.

Examples:
– The man isn’t wicked, is he?
– The man is wicked, isn’t he?
– Sifa hasn’t finished her homework, has she?
– Has finished her homework, hasn’t she?

CAUSATIVE VERB

Causative verbs express an action which is caused to happen. In other words, when I have something done for me I cause it to happen. In other words, I do not actually do anything, but ask someone else to do it for me.

Make
‘Make’ as a causative verb expresses the idea that the person requires another person to do something.
Construction Chart
Subject + Make + Person + Base Form of Verb
Examples:
Vanny made her daughter eat up the potatoes.
The manager makes her staff work hard.

Have

‘Have’ as a causative verb expresses the idea that the person wants something to be done for them. This causative verb is often used when speaking about various services. There are two forms of the causative verb ‘have’.

Construction Chart: Use 1
Subject + Have + Person + Base Form of Verb
Examples:
They had John arrive early.
She had her children cook dinner for her.
Construction Chart: Use 2
Subject + Have + Object + Past Participle
Examples:
I had my nail cut last wednesday.
He had the car washed at the weekend.

Get

‘Get’ is used as a causative verb in a similar way as ‘have’ is used with the participle. This expresses the idea that the person wants something to be done for them. The causative verb is often used in a more idiomatic manner than ‘have’.

Construction Chart
Subject + Get + Person + Past Participle
Examples:
He got their house painted last month.
Fina got her car washed yesterday.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that is preceded or followed by the noun, adjective, adverb or pronoun to which it refers (its antecedent) within the same clause. In generative grammar, a reflexive pronoun is an anaphor that must be bound by its antecedent (see binding). In a general sense, it is a noun phrase that obligatorily gets its meaning from another noun phrase in the sentence.[1] Different languages will have different binding domains for reflexive pronouns, according to their structure.

A reflexive pronoun is a special kind of pronoun that is usually used when the object of a sentence is the same as the subject. Each personal pronoun (such as “I”, “you” and “she”) has its own reflexive form:

• I — myself (intensive)
• you (singular) — yourself (intensive)
• he — himself (intensive)
• she — herself (intensive)
• one — oneself (intensive)
• it — itself (intensive)
• we — ourselves (reflexive)
• you (plural) — yourselves (reflexive)
• they — themselves (reflexive)

Note that they all have reflexive and intensive forms which depends on where they are in the sentence.
• Jim bought himself a book (reflexive)
• Jim himself bought a book (intensive)
• Asjad brought himself a book (reflexive)
• Asjad himself brought a book (intensive)

Intensive pronouns usually appear right near the subject of the sentence.

Examples:
– The cat is licking itself.
– The cat itself is licking.
– The students ate soup that they cooked by themselves.
– The students themselves ate soup that they cooked.

Referens :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determiner

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-macam-contoh-kalimat-determiner

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_question

http://www.kursusmudahbahasainggris.com/2013/10/pengertian-bentuk-variasi-bentuk.html

http://esl.about.com/od/grammarstructures/a/causative.ht

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_pronoun

Bahasa Inggris 2

Active & Passive Voice

Active voice is a form of a verb that describes where the subject of the action expressed by the verb. Thus in the active voice acting as a principal subject of the action.

Passive voice is a grammatical form in which the subject of the sentence as a principal action, or not doing an act. In the passive voice, the subject is receiving the action. Formula passive voice itself is S + auxiliary verbs + past participle (V-3), but depending on how the shape of his tense. 

1.  Simple present tense  S + V-1 + direct object, then the passive voice to its S + auxiliary verbs  past participle (V-3), using auxiliary verbs Be the first form (is, am, are).

è  Active Voice        :  Hendi feeds the rabbits everyday

è  Passive voice       :  The rabbits are fed by Hendi everyday  

 2. Simple past tense  S + V-2 + direct object, then the passive voice its S + auxiliary verbs + past participle (V-3), using auxiliary verbs be a second form (was, were).

è Active Voice         :  I wrote a letter last night.

è Passive Voice       :  The letter was written by me.

Referensi :

http://inggrisku.net/2014/09/active-passive-voice/#.VRFyaNKUeYY

Tugas 1 & 2 (Bahasa Inggris 2)

Understanding, Differences And Sample Sentence Of Some, Any, Much, Many, A Lot of, and A Few

1.    Some And Any

A.      Some

Some are used in a sentence POSITIVE. some can be used on countable and uncountable nouns. So some words may not be used in negative sentences. Noun used in this word must wear some form of "plural" or more than one. But if uncountable noun is not added s / es, the following examples of the use of Some

example:

1)      I have some boxes

2)      I'm going to find some drinks

3)      Andy has some cars

4)      Lusy has some sugar

5)      You get some children

6)      We want to take some water

Use some of the sentence interrogative sentences are only allowed to ask that offers something "offering something", for example:

1)      Do you want some sugar?

2)      Did you want to have some drinks?

B.      Any

Any use of the sentence NEGATIVE da INTERROGARTIVE. any can be used also in countable and uncountable nouns. So just like "some" Noun used should be is the plural or more than one. The following is an example of Any in use

example:

1)      I do not have any boxes

2)      I'm not going to find any drinks

3)      Andy does not have any cars

4)      Lusy does not have any sugar

5)      You do not get any children

6)      We do not want to take any water

Any use of the interrogative sentence:

1)      Do you bring any books?

2)      Does she has any children?

3)      Do they has any sugar?

2.    Much And Many

A.      Much

Much used in nouns that can not be calculated / uncountable .. Example:

1)      I have much money

2)      I do not have much sugar

3)      There are much water

B.      Many

Many used the noun which can be calculated / countable. After Many words have to be followed by a plural word. example:

1)      I have many books

2)      There are many people

3)      She has many cars

Essentially the difference between much and many are on its use. If Many use countable if Much definitely use uncountable.

3.    A Lot Of And A Few

A.      A Lot Of

A lot of good can be used for objects that can be counted or not counted. This means that can be used to change the position of Many.

What distinguishes the Many and Much is that the usage habits. A lot of just plain used in a positive sentence.

example:

1)      I have a lot of friends WHO always stand by me.

2)      How much money do you have? I have a lot of money.

B.      A Few

A Few words in the English language is used for objects that can be counted or countable nouns. But have little or opposite meaning to the word "many".

said "a few" in English means little and few in number or may be more than one or two. In other words, although the number of its slightly but still be sufficient. Consider the example below :

1.       Fahmi has a few friends in his class.

Meaning :

Fahmi memilliki little friend in class. Little friend here does not mean very little. But little in the sense of more than 1 or 2 friends. And although it has a friend Fahmi slightly but it was enough for him.

2.       I have a few pens.

Meaning :

I have a few pens.  Just a little bit and not once / very. It means "I have a little pen but the number was sufficient for me."

Differences and Sample Articles Using Word A, An, and The.

English has two types of article is a / an and the. We call these two forms of the article as an indefinite article and the definite article.

v  The        :  Definite article

v  A / an    :  Indefinite article

What is the difference and how do I use it? The show specific objects and clear objects where and how his form. While the A / late shows objects that are not specific and uncertain form and location.

A.   Article A And An

Article A, and can only initiate an singular count nouns which means one / a. A, and an can be used in statements which are general / common, meaningful statmen unclear or introduce a subject that has not been previously mentioned in a sentence. Example :

1.       A professor is smart. (general statement)

2.       I hit a man when walking.

Article A is used in the word beginning with a consonant sound, while the article's use of the word beginning with a vowel sound.

a.       Examples of words that use the article a :

Ø  House          : “ They just bought a house in the city.”

Ø  Uniform      : “ Every stundent in that school must wear a uniform.”

b.      Examples of words using an article

Ø  Hour             : “ I have been wathing movie for an hour.”

Ø  Umbrella    : “ You should bring an umbrella.”

B.    Article The

While the article is used in a meaningful statement of special / specific to a subject, or to indicate something that has become common knowledge.

1.       The girl in the park was my girlfriend. (specific meaning - speakers and listeners know the girl in question)

2.       The moon always Appears in the night. (general statement - there is only one month)

The article can not be used on every word, following the guidelines in the use of the article in a sentence. Using the article at:

a.       Oceans, rivers, seas, gulfs, plural lakes  

Example:

the Red Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the Persian Gulf, the Great lakes

b.      Mountains

Example:

the Rocky Mountains, the Andes

c.       Eart, moon

Example :

The earth, the moon

d.      Schools, colleges, universities form the phrase that begins with the word school

Example:

the University of Florida, the College of Arts and Sciences

e.      Ordibal numbers before nouns

Example:

The First Date, the Second Program

Referensi :

http://www.belajarcepatbahasainggris.com/2014/06/penjelesan-fungsi-dan-contoh-penggunaan.html

http://inggrisonline.com/perbedaan-penggunaan-some-dan-any-much-many-a-lot-of/

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCcQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Finggrisonline.com%2Fperbedaan-penggunaan-some-dan-any-much-many-a-lot-of%2F&ei=NY4FVfzmIsrguQSj34DIBA&usg=AFQjCNEYGnI_WptY_F4b3su5QHTF0_Ba5g&sig2=KzTTSvpbbPSeekdzVnU43A&bvm=bv.88198703,d.c2E

http://www.carabelajarbahasainggrisoke.com/2014/06/perbedaan-antara-few-dan-few-pada-bahasa-inggris.html

http://www.caramudahbelajarbahasainggris.net/2013/05/aturan-penggunaan-a-an-the-dalam-bahasa-inggris.html

http://belajarbahasainggrisdanbelajargrammar.blogspot.com/2012/07/article-an-and-the.html

JURNAL ILMIAH

Nama               : Novia Nurul Huda

NPM                 : 25212400

Kelas                : 3EB02

Mata Kuliah  : Bahasa Indonesia 2#

JURNAL ILMIAH

Jurnal ilmiah merupakan salah satu jenis jurnal akademik di mana penulis mempublikasikan artikel ilmiah. Untuk memastikan kualitas ilmiah pada artikel yang diterbitkan, suatu artikel biasa diteliti oleh rekan-rekan sejawatnya dan direvisi oleh penulis, hal ini dikenal sebagai peer review (penelaahan sejawat).

Terdapat berbagai jurnal ilmiah yang mencakup semua bidang ilmu, juga ilmu sosial dan humaniora. Penerbitan dalam bentuk artikel ilmiah biasanya lebih penting untuk bidangilmu pengetahuan alam maupun kedokteran dibandingkan dengan bidang akademik lain.

Format umum untuk jurnal ilmiah biasanya terdiri dari:
1. Judul;
2. Abstrak;
3. Pendahuluan;
4. Bahan dan metode;
5. Hasil;
6. Pembahasan;
7. Kesimpulan;
8. Daftar pustaka.

CONTOH JURNAL ILMIAH

Degradasi Etika dan Moral dalam Jejaring Sosial Online

Nadya Syifana, Norman Lie

16 April 2013

Abstrak

Perkembangan teknologi jejaring sosial online telah menciptakan pergeseran paradigma dalam masyarakat. Jejaring sosial mampu mendekatkan yang jauh, memudahkan proses yang sulit. Segala kemudahan ini tentunya bukan tidak berkonsekuensi. Tanpa disadari, segala kemudahan dan kebebasan disediakan oleh jejaring online telah “menjebak” kita dalam penurunan nilai etika dan moral, bahkan membawa hal tersebut ke dunia nyata. Hal ini bila dibiarkan terus berlanjut dapat mengakibatkan kebobrokan moral masyarakat yang sulit dibangun kembali.

Kata kunci: Jejaring Sosial Online, Etika, Moral, Pergeseran Paradigma Sosial

I.       Pendahuluan

Perkembangan teknologi dari masa ke masa terbukti telah memberi banyak perubahan pada manusia. Perubahan yang terjadi umumnya ke arah lebih baik, seperti mempermudah melakukan suatu pekerjaan, memberikan berbagai pilihan atau preferensi baru dalam melakukan sesuatu, dan bahkan mampu membuka lapangan pekerjaan. Pengembangan teknologi terus dilakukan untuk dapat menjangkau segala kebutuhan hidup manusia. Tidak jarang juga pengembangan teknologi mendorong untuk penemuan serta pengembangan teknologi baru.

II.    Etika dalam Jejaring Sosial

Jejaring sosial online dapat diibaratkan sebagai miniatur kehidupan nyata kita. Terdapat interaksi antar individu dalam jejaring. Dalam media sosial kita dapat terhubung dengan orang-orang yang benar-benar kita kenal, melakukan pembicaraan atau berbagi data untuk keperluan tertentu. Melalui itu kita juga dapat berkenalan dengan orang-orang baru mungkin berada pada daerah terkenal luas, atau memiliki ketertarikan akan suatu hal yang sama. Dengan demikian, seharusnya aturan-aturan berinteraksi di dunia nyata dan dunia maya juga tetap sama, tentunya dengan berbagai penyesuaian terkait bentuk media komunikasi yang terbatas pada layar gadget, tidak berjumpa secara langsung.

Media internet menjadi wadah populer untuk menuangkan pendapat atau berbagi informasi dengan menyebarkannya pada lingkungan yang lebih luas. Karena dilihat oleh kalangan luas dengan pandangan atau status berbeda, informasi yang disampaikan harus dijaga agar tidak menimbulkan kesalahpahaman atau bahkan menyinggung pihak-pihak tertentu.

Menggunakan identitas orang lain atau suatu organisasi tertentu tanpa izin sepengetahuan pihak terkait juga merupakan perbuatan yang melanggar hukum maupun etika. Apalagi jika penggunaan identitas tersebut bertujuan untuk menipu, sanksi diberikan bisa lebih berat.

III. Degradasi Etika dan Moral dalam Jejaring Sosial

Kemudahan, keleluasaan, kebebasan dalam penggunaan internet telah membuat pengguna “kelepasan” bagaimana sepantasnya ia bertindak. Ketika bermain-main dalam dunia maya, seseorang terkadang merasa lebih bebas berekspresi karena ia merasa tidak ada orang secara langsung melihat apa yang dilakukannya. Cara penyaluran ekspresi tersebut juga bukan menggunakan kemampuan tubuh sepenuhnya, seperti berbicara, sehingga menjadikan orang dengan frekuensi bicara sedikit merasa lebih nyaman untuk mengungkapkan pikirannya. Hal ini bisa menjadi efek psikologis baik dari penggunaan jejaring sosial Online, namun dapat menjebak jika mengabaikan etika atau nilai moral yang berlaku.

Info dari jaringan online dapat menyebar secara cepat dan massive, menjadikan media online sarana propaganda efektif. Informasi dapat cepat terbit berganti. Kecepatan aliran info ini memancing meningkatnya minat pengguna untuk menyebarkan informasi. Jika pada penyebaran informasi konvensional informasi penting dan mendesak diutamakan, dalam media online segala bentuk informasi dapat mengalir dengan derasnya. Karena kemudahannya serta perasaan bebas berekspresi tadi, pemberi informasi terkadang mengabaikan aspek kepentingan dan etika dari informasi tersebut. Tidak heran jika saat ini kita sering kebanjiran info tidak penting, tidak tepat sasaran.

IV.  Menjaga Etika dalam Jejaring Sosial

Kerusakan moral akibat jejaring menyebar luas dikarenakan sifat media sosial itu sendiri terbuka untuk umum, atau sekelompok besar orang. Dengan terbiasa melihat perilaku-perilaku menyimpang etika, bukan tidak mungkin seseorang menjadi terbiasa, menganggap biasa, dan kemudian menjadikannya kebiasaan. Oleh karena itu, menjaga etika berinteraksi di online sangatlah penting.

Dengan berjejaring berlandaskan pada etika dan moral, kita bisa mendapatkan dan memberikan informasi bermanfaat bagi kita maupun orang lain. Kasus-kasus pencemaran nama baik karena “kelepasan” penggunaan media juga dapat terhindar karena adanya rasa ingin menghargai orang lain siapa pun, di mana pun, kapan pun. Terakhir, kasus-kasus kriminal yang melibatkan perangkat digital (cyber crime) dapat diminimalisir dengan kesadaran akan penyaringan informasi dari setiap orang.

V.     Kesimpulan

Jejaring sosial memberikan banyak kemudahan dan kebebasan bagi kita, terutama dalam hal terkait penyebaran informasi. Namun juga ada konsekuensi harus diwaspadai, seperti banyaknya informasi yang dapat merusak pola berpikir, atau pemalsuan identitas dapat berujung pada perusakan nama baik seseorang. Penanaman etika sangat penting agar media sosial dapat digunakan dengan bijak dan tidak menganggu kenyamanan  orang lain.

VI.  Referensi

[1]     Nicholson, Sean. “InfoGraphic: The History Of ONLINE Social Networking”. Social Media Today Community. 27 April 2011. <http://socialmediatoday.com/socmedsean/286629/infographic-history-online-social-networking>. Diakses pada 14 April 2013.

[2]     Vinjamuri, David. “Ethics and the Five Deadly Sins of Social Media”. Forbes.com. 11 Maret 2011. <http://www.forbes.com/sites/davidvinjamuri/2011/11/03/ethics-and-the-5-deadly-sins-of-social-media/>. Diakses pada 14 April 2013.

[3]     “Online Social Networking”. The Australian Communications and Media Authority. < http://www.acma.gov.au/ WEB/STANDARD/pc=PC_311748>. Diakses pada 14 April 2013.

Referensi :

http://contohpengertian.com/contoh-jurnal/

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurnal_ilmiah

http://edukasi.kompas.com/read/2012/02/09/10353179/Panduan.Menulis.Jurnal.Ilmiah